Coexisting with humans since olden times, pigeons played a notable role in most human societies. Thus, one can examine their status and function as a social component. The current article looks at pigeons from a social perspective and scrutinizes literary texts (stories, literary pieces in prose, poets’ writings) and religious and historical ones to study their roles, functions, and uses in human communities. To this end, the study initially investigated pigeons’ images in the Koran and religious texts. The study found that pigeons enjoyed reverence and sanctity in such a way that religious rules were established for their slaughtering and hunting. Also, scrutinizing literary and historical texts indicated that pigeons were one of the common pastimes in past eras and pigeon flying was a popular hobby among ordinary folks and even kings. Contrary to the common belief that falcons were the favorite birds of kings, pigeons, according to this study, had special importance for kings. Furthermore, based on this research findings, Iranians held pigeons sacred. They also used them for entertainment and medical and agricultural purposes. Finally, pigeons’ sociability explains their strong presence among humans.