نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
During the Ilkhanid and Timurid periods, gatherings of Sufis around sheikhs with oppositional and anti-oppressive ideas transformed many khanqahs into the centers of socio-religious movements. Charles Tilly’s theory of collective action, particularly his polity model and five principles of mobilization, provides a framework for analyzing the emergence of contending groups, their collective action against ruling authorities, and their strategies to influence power. Adopting an analytical-comparative approach and library-based research, this study examines the collective action capacity of Sufiābād (the khanqah of ʿAlāʾ al-Dawla al-Simnānī) and Akhwānābād (the khanqah of ʿAbd Allāh Quṭb b. Muḥyī), both led by figures with a history of confrontation with political power. The findings indicate that although the two groups pursued similar interests, Akhwānābād faced serious threats. Intellectual opponents and, later, Safavid pressure forced structural and strategic changes, including Quṭb’s migration with his disciples, an emphasis on social withdrawal, and active recruitment of new followers. Safavid interventions escalated costs and risks for the group, framing them as challengers to authority and ultimately leading to the suppression of their collective action. By contrast, the collective capacity of Sufiābād was reshaped by ʿAlāʾ al-Dawla’s theological conviction that overt resistance to a Muslim ruler was religiously illegitimate. His stance transformed collective mobilization into an individual form of protest against injustice, which posed no substantial threat to the authorities. This orientation created opportunities for maintaining favorable relations with political power, thereby ensuring the stability of the khanqah and reinforcing the social and political prestige of its leader
کلیدواژهها English
