After the publication of novels and stories, various forms of literary criticism, theories, and history of literature with different approaches in relation to them come into existence. Exploiting the descriptive-analytical approach and certain bibliographical elements, the present study seeks to examine Jamshid Iranian’s Book: Social Reality and the World of Fiction which is the first critical book in Persian literature. In writing it, Jamshid Iranian benefits from Lucien the sociological theories of Goldmann and George Lukacs. Given the book’s merit, it has a clear structure, a coherent text, good analysis, and compatibility between the text and its goals. In addition, it pays attention to aesthetic aspects in its analysis and does not have any limitations in expressing its views. Despite the positive aspects, the book suffers from some demerits manifested in its criticism and sociological analysis with respect to the sections on philosophical and psychological criticism as well as in its ambiguous border between the historical structure and historicity of stories. These weak qualities do not reduce its values and impacts and damage its coherence. According to the genealogical perspective, one can regard the book as a turning point in critical studies in the field of fiction since it has created the gap between pre-published and post-published books (in the field of sociology of literature), setting itself as an example/criterion for performing more scientific and precious literary studies.