Marxism is a social and political theory that emphasizes political economy and divides society into two opposing groups: the exploiters and the exploited. Since the early twentieth century, it has strongly influenced intellectual and literary fields. In Iran, after the spread of Russian Marxism, many intellectuals and writers focused on themes such as justice, opposition to capitalism, and support for marginalized groups. Previous studies have mainly examined themes and class representation in Iranian literature; however, less attention has been given to direct critiques of the collapse of leftist idealism and the failure of Marxist ideas in Khan-e Edrisiha. In this novel, Ghazaleh Alizadeh takes a socio-political approach to critically portray the breakdown of the October Revolution. Using an analytical and critical method, this study shows how Alizadeh, who was once sympathetic to Marxist ideas, questions her fictional world and its characters by expressing disillusionment with leftist ideologies and highlighting their limitations. The research is based on a socio-literary analysis of the novel, along with a critical reading of its events and characters. It focuses especially on the gap between ideas and actions, the persistence of individual power, and the restriction of freedoms within the story. The findings suggest that Alizadeh not only depicts social change but also illustrates the collapse of Marxist ideals and the failure of radical leftist ideologies. By portraying characters caught in opportunism, power struggles, and a loss of empathy and humanity, the novel encourages readers to rethink the limits and weaknesses of such ideologies. As a notable work of contemporary Iranian literature, it holds both historical and broader global significance.